Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs: These help reduce inflammation in the digestive tract. Examples include aminosalicylates (mesalamine, balsalazide, olsalazine) and corticosteroids.   Immunomodulators: These suppress the immune system's response to help control inflammation. Examples include azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine.   Biologics: These target specific molecules involved in the inflammatory process. Examples include infliximab, adalimumab, and vedolizumab.   Other medications: Antibiotics may be prescribed for specific complications, and pain relievers can help manage discomfort.   Surgery: Considered when medications are ineffective or complications arise. For ulcerative colitis, a proctocolectomy (removal of the colon and rectum) may be performed.   For Crohn's disease, surgery often involves removing the affected portion of the intestine.   Nutrition and Lifestyle: A balanced diet can help manage symptoms. Maintaining a healthy weight is important. Stress management techniques, such as relaxation and meditation, may be beneficial. Smoking cessation is crucial, as smoking can worsen IBD symptoms.   Supportive Therapies: Nutritional supplements may be recommended to address deficiencies caused by IBD.   Probiotics and prebiotics can help maintain gut health.   Regular exercise can improve overall well-being.